Unit 8 - 2D Arrays

• Learning Objective!
  • Represent collections of related primitive and object reference data using two dimensional array objects.
• 2D Array Vocab:
• The Basics:
  • Initializing a Sample Array:
• Accessing and Updating Elements of a 2D Array:
  • Hack 1: Access the last element of the 2D Array list:
  • Hack 2: Changing a Value:
• Nested Loops, Our Beloved:
  • Hack 3: Unknown Dimensions:
• Searching for a Value in a 2D Array:
  • Hack 4: Finding the Min/Max Value:
• HW!
  • Please submit screenshots of your 4 hacks up and running to our Google Form, which also has a few 2D array related multiple choice questions.
  • Additionally, Complete and send a screenshot of your code for 2017 FRQ Q4: Successor Array in that same google form.
  • Please submit as a pair or group.

Learning Objective!

Represent collections of related primitive and object reference data using two dimensional array objects.

2D Array Vocab:

• Array = a data structure used to implement a collection (list) of primitive or object reference data
• Element = a single value in the array
• Index = the position of the element in the array (starts from 0)
• Array Length = the number of elements in the array
  • Is public, so can be accessed in any class
  • Is also final, so can’t change it after array has been created

The Basics:

• A 2D array is an array of arrays, and can be a better way to store data
• Declaring a 2D array:
  • DataType[][] nameOf2DArray
• Initializing a 2D array
  • DataType[][] nameOf2DArray = new DataType[r][c];
    • r = # of rows
      • The # of arrays in the array
      • r = list.length
        • c = # of columns
      • The # of elements in the inner arrays
      • c = list[0].length

Initializing a Sample Array:

public class Test {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      int[][] arr = {
         { 1, 2, 3 },
         { 4, 5, 6 },
         { 7, 8, 9 }
      };

      System.out.println("arr[0][0] = " + arr[0][0]);
      System.out.println("arr[1][2] = " + arr[1][2]);
      System.out.println("arr[2][1] = " + arr[2][1]);
      
   }

}
Test.main(null);

arr[0][0] = 1
arr[2][0] = 6
arr[2][1] = 8

Accessing and Updating Elements of a 2D Array:

• nameOf2DArray[r][c]

Hack 1: Access the last element of the 2D Array list:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      String[][] arr = {
         { "a", "f", "g" },
         { "b", "e", "h" },
         { "c", "d", "i" }
      };
 
      // Print the last element in the array!
       
    }
 
 }
 Test.main(null);

• a quick tip for the future: list[list.length - 1][list[0].length - 1]
• Updating an element:
  • list[r][c] = value;

Hack 2: Changing a Value:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      String[][] arr = {
         { "Atlanta", "Baltimore", "Chicago" },
         { "Australia", "Boston", "Cincinnati" },
         { "Austin", "Beaumont", "Columbus" }
      };
 
       // Change Austin to Athens and printn!
       System.out.println("Change Austin to Athens and print!");
       
       if(arr[2][0] == "Austin") {
         arr[2][0] = "Athens";
       }

       System.out.println(arr[2][0]);

       
    }
 
 }
 Test.main(null);

Change Austin to Athens and print!
Athens

Nested Loops, Our Beloved:

• You can use Nested Loops to traverse 2D Arrays
  • for example: to print out an entire array in order, you need to use these

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      String[][] arr = {
         { "a", "f", "g", "l" },
         { "b", "e", "h", "k" },
         { "c", "d", "i", "j" }
      };
 
      for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++) {
         for (int col = 0; col < 4; col++) {
            System.out.print(arr[row][col] + " ");
         }
        System.out.println(" ");
      }
       
    }
 
 }
 Test.main(null);

a f g l  
b e h k  
c d i j  

• Make sure your columns for loop is always inside your rows for loop!
  • Unless you want it printed the other way of course
• Print spaces and lines in between to make a neater matrix

Hack 3: Unknown Dimensions:

public class Test {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      String[][] arr = {
         { "Atlanta", "Baltimore", "Chicago" },
         { "Australia", "Boston", "Cincinnati" },
         { "Austin", "Beaumont", "Columbus" }
      };

      // Print out the array without using numerical values!

      for(int row = 0; row < arr.length; row++) {
         for(int column = 0; column < arr.length; column++) {
            System.out.print(arr[row][column] + " ");
         }
         System.out.println(" ");
      }

      
   }

}
Test.main(null);

Atlanta Baltimore Chicago  
Australia Boston Cincinnati  
Austin Beaumont Columbus  

Searching for a Value in a 2D Array:

• Here's a quick example to illustrate:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
  
        String[][] arr = {
            { "Atlanta", "Baltimore", "Chicago" },
            { "Australia", "Boston", "Cincinnati" },
            { "Austin", "Beaumont", "Columbus" }
        };

        String match = "";
        String name = "Boston";
        for (String[] row : arr) {
            for (String item : row) {
                if (item.equals(name)) {
                    match = name;
                }
            }
        }

        if (match.length() == 0) {
            System.out.println("No Match!");
        } else {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
        
    }
 
 }
Test.main(null);

Boston

• Note: in the code, you see the use of : which essentially means within.

Hack 4: Finding the Min/Max Value:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
  
        String[][] arr = {
            { "Atlanta", "Baltimore", "Chicago" },
            { "Australia", "Boston", "Cincinnati" },
            { "Austin", "Beaumont", "Columbus" }
        };

        String longest = arr[0][0];

        for(int row = 0; row < arr.length; row++) {
            for(int column = 0; column < arr[row].length; column++) {
                if (arr[row][column].length() > longest.length()) {
                    longest = arr[row][column];
                }
            }
         }

        System.out.println(longest);

        // Use nested for loops to find the longest or shortest string!
        System.out.println("Use nested for loops to find the longest or shortest string!");
        
    }
 
 }
Test.main(null);

Cincinnati
Use nested for loops to find the longest or shortest string!

HW!

Please submit screenshots of your 4 hacks up and running to our Google Form, which also has a few 2D array related multiple choice questions.

Additionally, Complete and send a screenshot of your code for 2017 FRQ Q4: Successor Array in that same google form.

Please submit as a pair or group.

import java.util.*;

class Tree {
    private String [][] tree;    
    public Tree () {
        tree = new String[][]{   //2D array above is just a name, "new" makes a container ("object")
                {                 "    * "   },     
               {                 "   *** "     },             
              {                 "  ***** "    },
             {                 "  ******* "   },
             {                "  ********* " },
             {               " *********** " },
            {               "************* "  },
            {                   "   || "        },
            {                   "   || "        }          
            };
        }


    public void printASCII () {
        for (int row = 0; row < tree.length;row++) { 
          for (int column = 0; column < tree[row].length; column++) {
            System.out.println(tree[row][column]);
          }
          
      }
    }
  }


Tree myTree = new Tree();
myTree.printASCII();

    * 
   *** 
  ***** 
  ******* 
  ********* 
 *********** 
************* 
   || 
   ||